Comparison of morphological variations and some biological features of brown trout Salmo trutta fario resident in Chesli and Khorma rivers in Guilan

The morphological variations and sexual dimorphism of brown trout Salmo trutta morpha fario residual were studied in two rivers, Chesli and Khorma, in western and eastern of Guilan province using 39 morphometric and 13 meristic characteristics. Univariate analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) revealed significant differences of varying degrees between the means of the two samples for 25 standardized morphometric measurements and six meristic counts, showing relatively high phenotypic variations between the two populations. No significant differences were observed between males and females, indicating that no sexual dimorphism exists in the studied fish. Plotting of discriminant functions, 1 and 2, for morphometric and meristic characteristics revealed completely obvious separation with 100% divergence between the species of the two areas. Only in Chesli River some differences were observed between males and females according to the meristic’ second function, while there were no morphological differences between males and females in Khorma River. On the average, the correctness of assignment of individuals into their original populations based on their morphometric and meristic characteristics was 87.4% and 70.1 %, respectively

Comparison of morphological variations and some biological features of brown trout Salmo trutta fario resident in Chesli and Khorma Rivers in Guilan

The morphological variations and sexual dimorphism of brown trout Salmo trutta morpha fario residual were studied in two rivers, Chesli and Khorma, in western and eastern of Guilan province using 39 morphometric and 13 meristic characteristics. Univariate analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) revealed significant differences of varying degrees between the means of the two samples for 25 standardized morphometric measurements and six meristic counts, showing relatively high phenotypic variations between the two populations. No significant differences were observed between males and females, indicating that no sexual dimorphism exists in the studied fish. Plotting of discriminant functions, 1 and 2, for morphometric and meristic characteristics revealed completely obvious separation with 100% divergence between the species of the two areas. Only in Chesli River some differences were observed between males and females according to the meristic’ second function, while there were no morphological differences between males and females in Khorma River. On the average, the correctness of assignment of individuals into their original populations based on their morphometric and meristic characteristics was 87.4% and 70.1%, respectively

Experimental study on effect of roasting, boiling and microwave cooking methods on enrofloxacin antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes such as boiling, roasting and microwaving on enrofloxacin residues in muscle, liver and gizzard tissues of broiler chickens. Each of chicks was fed by routine diet and water with %0.05 of enrofloxacine for consecutive 5 days .Then; three locations including breast muscle, liver and gizzard were sampled aseptically from each carcass. Enrofloxacin residue was analyzed using microbial method by plates seeded with Escherichia coli. After doing different phases of the test on raw samples, the positive raw samples cooked by various cooking procedures and we surveyed cooked samples with similar method again for present of residue. The results were show reduction in concentration of enrofloxacin residue after different cooking processes. The most reduction of the residue in cooked meat and gizzard samples related to boiling process and roasting process for cooked liver samples and the highest detectable amount of residue belonged to microwaving process in all cooked samples. Regarding to the results of this study, we can conclude that cooking processes can’t annihilate total amounts of these drug and it can only decrease their amounts and the most of residue in boiling process excreted from tissue to cooking fluid

An Investigation on Injection Characteristics of Direct-Injected Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by Means of Multi-Zone Spray Modeling Étude sur les caractéristiques d’injection d’un moteur Diesel industriel à injection directe au moyen de la modélisation multi-zones de la pulvérisation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, and injection rate and number of nozzle holes were investigated by using a quasi-dimensional model. In the present work, the variety of injection rate is performed at various injection parameters where as performance and emission of the engine will be simulated subsequently. Finally the best injection system for a high efficiency and low NOx emission heavy duty diesel engine was investigated. Le but de cette étude est d’étudier l’effet des paramètres d’injection sur les caractéristiques de performance et d’émissions d’un moteur Diesel industriel. Afin d’analyser les caractéristiques d’injection et de pulvérisation du gazole assurées par un système d’injection “common-rail” haute pression, les paramètres d’injection tels que le calage de l’injection, la durée de l’injection, le taux d’injection et le nombre de trous de l’injecteur ont été étudiés en utilisant un modèle quasi-dimensionnel. Dans l’étude présentée, les performances et les émissions du moteur sont simulées à différents taux d’injection en faisant varier des paramètres d’injection. Enfin, la meilleure définition du système d’injection a été recherchée pour obtenir un moteur Diesel industriel avec un haut rendement et de basses émissions de NOx

An Investigation on Injection Characteristics of Direct-Injected Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by Means of Multi-Zone Spray Modeling

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, and injection rate and number of nozzle holes were investigated by using a quasi-dimensional model. In the present work, the variety of injection rate is performed at various injection parameters where as performance and emission of the engine will be simulated subsequently. Finally the best injection system for a high efficiency and low NOx emission heavy duty diesel engine was investigated

The role of cognitive group therapy and happiness training on cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-ECD brain perfusion SPECT: A quasi-experimental study of depressed patients

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cognitive group therapy and happiness training objectively in the local cerebral blood flow of patients with major depression (MD). Patients, material, methods: The present research is semi-experimental to pre- and post-test with a control group. Three groups were formed, and this number was incorporated in each group: 12 patients were chosen randomly; the first group of depressed patients benefited from the combination of pharmacotherapy and sessions of cognitive group therapy; the second group used a combination of pharmaco-therapy and sessions of happiness training; and a third group used only pharmacother-apy. We compared cognitive-behavioural therapy and happiness training efficacy with only pharmacotherapy in MD patients. We performed brain perfusion SPECT in each group, before and after each trial. Results: The study was conducted on 36 patients with MD (32 women and 4 men; mean age: 41.22 ± 9.08; range: 27–65 years). There were significant differences regarding the two trial effects into two experimental groups (p 0.05). In addition, there was significant difference among the regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal and prefrontal regions into two experimental groups before and after trials (p 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated decreased cerebral perfusion in the frontal regions in MD patients, which increased following cognitive group therapy and happiness training. Because of its availability, low costs, easy performance, and the objective semi-quantitative information supplied, brain perfusion SPECT scanning might be useful to assess the diagnosis and therapy efficacy. Further exploration is needed to validate its clinical role. © Schattauer 2014